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3 Immunological applications of Resiquimod

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Resiquimod

Biochemicals > Activators & Agonists > Activators & Agonists (P - Z)

Substance Name:R-848; S 28463

CAS Number:144875-48-9

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Resiquimod is an imidazoquinolinamine Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist with potential immunostimulatory activity. Resiquimod binds to and activates TLRs 7 and 8, mainly on dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and B-lymphocytes, which results in the activation of the TLR signaling pathway and nuclear translocation of the transcription activator NF-kB another transcription factors; subsequently, the production of cytokines, especially interferon-alpha (INF-a), increases, enhancing T-helper 1 (Th1) immune responses.

Resiquimod is an imidazoquinolinamine Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist with potential immunostimulatory activity. Resiquimod binds to and activates TLRs 7 and 8, mainly on dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and B-lymphocytes, which results in the activation of the TLR signaling pathway and nuclear translocation of the transcription activator NF-kB another transcription factors; subsequently, the production of cytokines, especially interferon-alpha (INF-a), increases, enhancing T-helper 1 (Th1) immune responses.

In addition, topical application of resiquimod appears to activate Langerhans cells, which may result in enhanced activation of T-lymphocytes. Due to its immunostimulatory activity, this agent may potentially be useful as a vaccine adjuvant.

​​​Resiquimod stimulates the secretion of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12 from various cells including dendritic cells (DC), monocytes (mono) and macrophages (macro). Resiquimod induces the functional maturation of DC, Langerhans' cells (LC) and B lymphocytes into effective antigen-presenting cells (APC). Resiquimod promotes the development of B lymphocytes into plasma cells and the subsequent secretion of IgG2a. Resiquimod also stimulates nitric oxide (NO) production from macrophages.

 

  • Decreases Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
Resiquimod, an investigational immune response modifier and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and 8 agonist, stimulates production of cytokines that promote an antigen-specific T helper type 1 (Th1) acquired immune response. In animal models, induction of Th1-specific responses modifies experimental herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection.  
 
  • Increases the effectiveness of vaccines.
Over the past few years, numerous studies have demonstrated that targeting of antigens to immune receptors expressed by dendritic cells (DCs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), elicits potent CTL responses. Therefore, the design of new adjuvants has focused on TLR agonists that elicit maturation of DCs to effectively link the innate and adaptative immune responses.

The paper under evaluation describes the topical use of resiquimod, a TLR7/8 agonist, to enhance cross-priming to subcutaneously administered ovalbumin. The results obtained demonstrated that topical resiquimod is a potent adjuvant for subcutaneous vaccines, inducing clinically relevant antigen-specific CTL responses, which protect against B16-ovalbumin tumor challenge in mice.